TRANSITION OF AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES IN VIETNAM

Abstract

This study analyzes the transition process of the air quality governance model in Vietnam within the context of institutional consolidation during the 2024 - 2025 period. Employing a systematic review and data benchmarking approach, the paper identifies that the current management focus has shifted from completing the legal framework to addressing the practical requirements of implementation organization. The analytical results emphasize the importance of establishing an optimal roadmap for environmental protection fees to ensure benefit harmonization, thereby creating substantive economic incentives for enterprises to innovate technology. Furthermore, the establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment is identified as a strategic advancement in multi-sector governance, posing new requirements for the synchronization and adaptive capacity of the local monitoring system during the transition period. Based on these findings, the study proposes a strategic orientation prioritizing the optimization of economic instruments and the strengthening of enforcement resources at the grassroots level.