BREEDING THIRTEEN MUTANT LINES FROM DX208 MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata) WITH SYNCHRONY IN POD MATURITY BY DNA MARKER

Abstract

Mungbean yield is affected by many biological and abiotic factors, in which the blooming flowers and asynchronous in pods are the main causes. The fastest way to improve mungbean yield is to use genotypes available through Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) mutations and in combination with molecular markers (SSRs and SNPs). The project was implemented in the spring-winter crop of 2019-2020, at the Experimental Farm of Can Tho University and Phu Sa Biochemistry Company to select 1 to 2 mutant lines in M₆ with short days, high yield and synchronous maturity. Thirteen lines of mutant mungbeans in M₆ and DX208 varieties (control varieties) were tested for yield. Set up a randomized block, 1 factor, 3 replicates, spacing of 45x20 cm, the density of 22 plants/m², 9 m² per plot, applying 60N-60P₂O₅-40K₂O fertilizer. At the same time, the purity of genotypes of 1,000 seedlings and flowering dates of these 13 mutant mungbean lines and parent varieties (DX208) were determined by SSR and the sequences of the three lines of DX6-5-1- 10, DX6-6-28-14, DX8-1-28-8B in M₆ and DX208 with SNPs. The results showed that 4 lines of DX8-1-28-8B, DX6-5-1-10, DX4A-3-3-1, DX2-1-26-5 have yield of  2.99 to 3.29 tons/ha, which is higher than that of the control variety (DX208) (2.60 tons/ha) (p<0.01). All 13 mutant lines had short maturity (61-64 days), and synchrony in pod maturity; 13  DX208 mutant lines in the M₆ population were homozygous genotypes in 1.000 seed weight as well as flowering day, the genotype between these mutant lines compared to the DX208 variety (origin variety) and the genotype between the mutant lines have changed; Genetic sequences related to genes of 1,000 seed weight between the three lines of DX6-5-1-10, DX6-6-28-14, DX8-1-28-8B and the original variety are different, line DX6-6-28-14 was identified as the most genetic difference compared to the DX208 variety.